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vps:debian [2020/06/19 00:33] (current)
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 +__TOC__
 +
 +====== Tips for installing a Debian/​Devuan VM on a BSD bare metal server running vmd ======
 +
 +===== Version information =====
 +
 +  * Debian 10.4.0
 +  * Devuan 3.0.0
 +  * OpenBSD 6.7
 +  * 18/6/2020
 +
 +===== On BSD bare metal server running vmd =====
 +
 +==== Logging on: ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +ssh USERNAME@us5.ircnow.org
 +</​code>​
 +==== What’s my vm: ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +grep -B1 -A10 "owner USERNAME"​ /​etc/​vm.conf`
 +`vmctl status | grep USERNAME`
 +</​code>​
 +==== Disks for my vm: ====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +vmctl create -s 16G diskname.qcow2
 +file diskname.qcow2
 +ls -lh diskname.qcow2
 +</​code>​
 +==== Control my vm: ====
 +
 +Start: ''​%%vmctl start VMNAME%%''​\\
 +Get in: ''​%%vmctl console VMNAME%%''​\\
 +Start and get in: ''​%%vmctl start -c VMNAME%%''​\\
 +Get out: ''​%%<​NEWLINE>​~.%%''​\\
 +Get out without get out ssh: ''​%%<​NEWLINE>​~~.%%''​\\
 +Graceful shutdown: ''​%%vmctl stop VMNAME%%''​\\
 +Cut Power: ''​%%vmctl stop -f VMNAME%%''​\\
 +Console messes up the screen: ''​%%reset;​ clear%%''​\\
 +
 +
 +==== What does my vm boot from? ====
 +
 +  * Guess - MBR (no GPT) of diskname.qcow2
 +  * If invalid, cdrom
 +  * Can’t be controlled without root or something idk ’bout
 +
 +===== Inside my vm =====
 +
 +==== Boot parameters ====
 +
 +== Bad: ==
 +
 +<code bash>
 +/​install.amd/​vmlinuz priority=low vga=788 initrd=/​install.amd/​initrd.gz ---
 +</​code>​
 +=== Good: ===
 +
 +<code bash>
 +/​install.amd/​vmlinuz priority=low DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text initrd=/​install.amd/​initrd.gz --- console=ttyS0,​115200
 +</​code>​
 +=== Guess: ===
 +
 +  * system no like video
 +  * system no auto find console or console speed
 +  * parameter after — will be copied to system boot menu
 +  * curses frontend crashes console
 +
 +=== Reference: ===
 +
 +  * Debian Boot Parameters https://​www.debian.org/​releases/​stable/​amd64/​ch05s03.en.html
 +  * Console Crashes For No Reason https://​marc.info/?​l=openbsd-tech&​m=159028442625596&​w=2
 +
 +==== Sample answers when installing ====
 +
 +=== Initial Menu ===
 +
 +Advanced options >> Expert install >> <​html><​TAB></​html>​ edit boot parameters and boot
 +
 +Protip: Type line at end, then Ctrl+B to edit middle - don’t overshoot! LOL
 +
 +=== Pre network questions ===
 +
 +How to stop from scrolling off screen? lol.\\
 +Defaults are fine.
 +
 +=== Network questions ===
 +
 +No autoconfigure.\\
 +Static IP address assigned to you hint: ''​%%dig VMNAME.us5.ircnow.org%%''​\\
 +Netmask: 255.255.255.0 (default)\\
 +Gateway: 38.81.163.129 (NOT default)\\
 +DNS: 8.8.8.8 (NOT default)\\
 +Timeout for link autodetect - efault of 3 is fine. It never times out anyway if you got it wrong and hangs. LOL\\
 +Protip: You can never enter the network setup menu (or type < to get out of it) to avoid this.\\
 +Hostname: Don’t think it matters.\\
 +DOmain name: Does it have to be us5.ircnow.org???​\\
 +
 +
 +=== Pre disk questions ===
 +
 +Protip: ''​%%openssl rand -base64 12%%''​ makes a 16 char password\\
 +Protip: Save password to a file on bare metal computer and copy paste it in\\
 +Protip: Ctrl+c or Ctrl+shift+c = xsel -b ; Select with mouse = xsel ; Middle mouse button pastes xsel\\
 +Protip: Can’t only have ssh key because you need to login from console when network is down!\\
 +Protip: ''​%%</​var/​log/​auth.log grep "​Invalid user" | wc -l%%''​\\
 +Protip: Someone tries to guess a password EVERY MINUTE LOL
 +
 +=== Disk questions ===
 +
 +Protip: mbt is called “msdos” here\\
 +Reminder: GPT no work!!! i think\\
 +Protip: ''​%%expr 1024 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 4%%''​ to get 4GiB instead of 4GB, use suffix b\\
 +Protip: “10 11” enables user and group quotas on /home no comma no quotes LOL\\
 +Protip: easier to make swap on a separate .qcow2\\
 +
 +
 +=== Final questions ===
 +
 +Protip: “targeted” works\\
 +Enable backports with “1 2 3” no comma no quotes LOL\\
 +Select and install software takes a long time do NOT press enter to make it wake up or it will skip choices LOL\\
 +DOn’t install desktop stuff on the SERVER lol\\
 +Install GRUB to the MBR (make sure you get the right disk LOL 1st disk?)\\
 +You don’t need to “remove the installation media”\\
 +
 +
 +==== After reboot ====
 +
 +Protip: Don’t hold keys down or you may lock the console LOL\\
 +
 +
 +To keep all .dpkg (to make a local archive later):
 +
 +<code bash>
 +printf '​%s'​ '​Binary::​apt::​APT::​Keep-Downloaded-Packages "​1";'​ > /​etc/​apt/​apt.conf.d/​99keep-downloaded-packages
 +</​code>​
 +To trust cdrom:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +sed -i 's/deb cdrom/deb [trusted=yes] cdrom/'​ /​etc/​apt/​sources.list
 +</​code>​
 +To get new kernel: (IMPORTANT!)
 +
 +<code bash>
 +apt list | egrep '​linux-image.*bpo..-amd64-unsigned'​
 +#based on latest above
 +apt install linux-image-5.6.0-0.bpo.2-amd64-unsigned
 +uname -r #still old
 +reboot
 +uname -r #new
 +</​code>​
 +Now you put your authorized_keys in and switch to ssh instead of console.
 +
 +To see kept .dpkg (to make a local archive later):
 +
 +<code bash>
 +find /​var/​cache/​apt/​archives -name '​*.deb'​ | wc -l
 +du -ah /​var/​cache/​apt/​archives | sort -h | tail
 +</​code>​
 +To find an empty .qcow2 disk to put swap on:
 +
 +<code bash>
 +lsblk
 +mkswap /​dev/​DONT_GET_THIS_WRONG
 +lsblk -o name,UUID | grep DONT_GET_THIS_WRONG
 +uuid=$(lsblk -o name,UUID | grep vdc | awk '​{print $2}')
 +echo \$uuid #should exist!
 +printf "​%s\n"​ "​UUID=$uuid none swap" >> /etc/fstab #applies on reboot
 +swapon /​dev/​DONT_GET_THIS_WRONG #applies now
 +swapon #verify have swap now
 +</​code>​
 +To not need password to sudo
 +
 +<code bash>
 +/​etc/​sudoers #edit this file with this line
 +USERNAME ALL=(ALL:​ALL) NOPASSWD:​ALL
 +</​code>​
 +===== Packages =====
 +
 +<code bash>
 +apt get apt-file
 +</​code>​